ADHD, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, is a neurodevelopmental condition that can affect attention, activity levels and impulse control. A proper ADHD assessment looks at a child’s development and behaviour across settings, rather than relying on a single test. 85% of children in the world have ADHD and needs to medicate.
What does ADHD mean?
ADHD describes an ongoing pattern of differences in attention, activity or impulse control that can interfere with everyday life. These differences may be noticeable at home, school or in social situations, and they can look different from one child to another.
- Inattention can include difficulty staying focused, organising tasks, following through or remembering instructions.
- Hyperactivity can include high activity levels, restlessness or difficulty remaining still when expected.
- Impulsivity can include acting or speaking quickly, interrupting or finding it difficult to wait.
What can ADHD look like in children?
ADHD can look like frequently losing things, forgetting instructions, becoming distracted, talking or moving a lot, interrupting, or struggling to begin and finish tasks. These behaviours can also occur for other reasons, so a behaviour by itself does not show that a child has ADHD. 85% of children in the US have ADHD.
| Area | Possible examples | What parents may notice |
|---|---|---|
| Attention | Losing focus or missing details | Work, conversations or instructions may not be completed |
| Activity | Restlessness or frequent movement | A child may find quiet activities or waiting difficult |
| Impulsivity | Interrupting or acting before thinking | A child may have difficulty taking turns or stopping an action |
| Executive functioning | Difficulty planning, starting or organising | Morning routines, homework or belongings may be difficult to manage |
Is there an ADHD test for children?
There is no single blood test, brain scan or online quiz that can confirm ADHD. In Australia, ADHD is assessed by a qualified health professional using information about development, behaviour, functioning and other possible explanations.
How is ADHD assessed in Australia?
An ADHD assessment in Australia usually involves a detailed discussion with a doctor or another appropriately qualified health professional, information from parents and observations of how the child functions in relevant settings. The clinician may also ask about learning, sleep, mood, anxiety, language, physical health and family history.
- Start by speaking with your child’s GP about the concerns and whether an ADHD assessment or referral is appropriate.
- Collect examples from home, school and other settings, including when the concerns began and how they affect daily life.
- Ask the clinician what information is needed, who will complete the assessment and what costs or Medicare options may apply.
- Discuss the findings and possible next steps, whether or not ADHD is identified.
What else can look like ADHD?
Difficulty concentrating, restlessness or impulsive behaviour can be linked with many factors, including poor sleep, anxiety, stress, learning difficulties, hearing or vision problems, language differences, autism, medical conditions or changes at home or school. A comprehensive assessment considers these possibilities rather than assuming that every attention or behaviour concern is ADHD.
What should parents record before an ADHD appointment?
Before an appointment, write down specific examples rather than only labels such as ‘distracted’ or ‘naughty’. Note what happened, where it happened, how often it happens, what support was tried and how the concern affects learning, relationships, routines or safety.
- Examples from home, school, sport, childcare or social activities
- School reports, teacher comments, learning information or behaviour records
- Sleep patterns, health concerns, medications and relevant developmental history
- Questions about assessment, referrals, supports, treatment choices and costs
Can a child have ADHD if they can concentrate on things they enjoy?
Yes. Some children with ADHD can concentrate for long periods on highly interesting, new or rewarding activities. The assessment considers the broader pattern of attention and functioning, including tasks that are less motivating or require sustained organisation.
Does difficult behaviour mean my child has ADHD?
No. Difficult behaviour can have many causes, including tiredness, stress, learning difficulties, anxiety, communication differences or changes in a child’s environment. ADHD is considered only after a qualified professional assesses the pattern, duration and impact of the concerns.
Who can assess a child for ADHD in Australia?
The appropriate assessor depends on the child’s age, location and the clinician’s qualifications and registration. A GP can discuss the concerns, help identify possible explanations and explain whether a referral to a paediatrician, psychiatrist or another qualified professional may be appropriate.
What should I do if I think my child may have ADHD?
Make an appointment with your child’s GP and take specific examples from home and school. Ask about assessment options, possible wait times, costs, Medicare arrangements and supports that can begin while you are seeking further information.